Calcium Phosphates (E341)

Type of additive
(Glossary)		Acidity Regulators
Anti-caking Agents
Emulsifiers
Humectants
Leavening Agents
Sequestrants
Stabilizers
Thickeners
E NumberE341
Chemical FormulaMonocalcium phosphate E341(i): Ca(H2PO4)2
Dicalcium phosphate  E341(ii): CaHPO4(H2O)2
Tricalcium phosphate (E341iii): Ca3(PO4)2

Purpose and Function

Calcium Phosphates (E341) are used in the food industry as acidity regulators, stabilizers, leavening agents, fortifying agents, and anti-caking agents. They help to control the pH, improve texture, provide calcium, and prevent clumping. Common applications include:

  • Baked goods: Monocalcium Phosphate is used as a leavening agent in baking powder to help the dough rise.
  • Dairy products: Stabilizes and thickens dairy products such as cheese, cream, and yogurt.
  • Fortified foods and beverages: Dicalcium Phosphate and Tricalcium Phosphate are used to increase the calcium content in products like juices, plant-based milk, and dietary supplements.
  • Confectionery: Helps prevent sugar crystallization in candies and ensures smooth texture.
  • Powdered products: Acts as an anti-caking agent in products like powdered milk, spices, and instant soups.

Calcium Phosphates (E341) provide functional benefits in food processing while also serving as a source of dietary calcium.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Calcium Phosphates (E341) are generally considered safe for consumption when used within regulated limits. Some considerations include:

  • Calcium overload: Excessive consumption of calcium phosphates from fortified foods or supplements may lead to hypercalcemia, affecting kidney function and bone health.
  • Digestive effects: High intake may cause digestive discomfort, such as constipation.
  • Regulatory approval: Calcium Phosphates (E341) are approved for use in many countries, including the European Union and the United States, where they are considered safe for food use within established limits.

Overall, Calcium Phosphates (E341) are regarded as safe and effective food additives with multiple functional and nutritional benefits.