Annatto (E160b)

Type of additive
(Glossary)		Colorants
E NumberE160b
Also Known AsBixin
Norbixin
Annatto Extract
Natural Yellow/Orange Color

Purpose and Function

Annatto (E160b) is a natural orange-yellow pigment derived from the seeds of the Bixa orellana tree, commonly known as the achiote tree. The main pigments in annatto are bixin (oil-soluble) and norbixin (water-soluble). These compounds are used in the food industry to provide a natural yellow to orange color. Common uses include:

  • Dairy products: Widely used in butter, margarine, cheese (especially cheddar and processed cheese) to enhance their yellow color.
  • Confectionery: Found in candies, desserts, and baked goods for a natural yellow-orange hue.
  • Beverages: Sometimes used in flavored drinks, fruit juices, and dairy-based beverages.
  • Snack foods: Applied in chips, crackers, and other savory snacks to enhance color.
  • Sauces and dressings: Used in mayonnaise, salad dressings, and sauces for added color.

Bixin and norbixin are the primary components responsible for the coloring, with bixin being fat-soluble and norbixin being water-soluble, making Bixin versatile across different types of food.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin (E160b) are generally considered safe for consumption and are widely used in the food industry. However, some potential risks and considerations include:

  • Allergic reactions: While rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions. Symptoms can include skin rashes, itching, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Annatto allergies are less common compared to synthetic dyes but should be considered by sensitive individuals.
  • Hyperactivity concerns: Unlike synthetic colorants, annatto has not been conclusively linked to hyperactivity in children, though there have been isolated reports of behavioral issues.
  • Natural variability: As a natural extract, the coloring strength of annatto can vary, which may affect food products’ consistency in color.

Despite these concerns, E160b is considered a safe and natural alternative to synthetic colorants and is approved for use in many countries, including the European Union and the United States.