Amaranth (E123)

Type of additive
(Glossary)		Colorants
E NumberE123
Chemical FormulaC20H11N2Na3O10S3
Also Known AsFood Red 9
C.I. 16185

Purpose and Function

Amaranth (E123) is a synthetic azo dye used in the food industry to impart a red to purple color. It is commonly used in:

  • Confectionery: Sweets, jellies, and candies often contain Amaranth to provide a red hue.
  • Beverages: Amaranth is used in some flavored drinks and syrups to give them a red or pink color.
  • Baked goods: Cakes, pastries, and dessert items may use Food Red 9 to enhance visual appeal.
  • Other processed foods: It is also found in processed products like ice creams, fruit-flavored yogurts, and jams.

It was once widely used in food production but has been subject to regulatory scrutiny due to health concerns.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

E123 has been linked to several health concerns, resulting in its ban in some countries. Key risks include:

  • Carcinogenicity concerns: Studies have raised concerns about the potential carcinogenic effects of Amaranth, particularly in high doses. As a result, its use has been restricted or banned in countries such as the United States.
  • Allergic reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Amaranth, particularly those sensitive to azo dyes. Reactions can include hives, rashes, and asthma-like symptoms.
  • Hyperactivity in children: Like other artificial dyes, This additive has been linked to behavioral issues, including hyperactivity in children. Some countries require warnings on products containing Amaranth regarding this potential risk.

Due to these concerns, E123 has been banned in several countries, including the United States, but remains approved in the European Union under regulated limits.