Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (E150d)

Type of additive
(Glossary)		Colorants
E NumberE150d
Also Known AsCaramel Color IV
Class IV Caramel

Purpose and Function

Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (E150d) is a synthetic caramel color created by heating carbohydrates (such as sugar) with ammonium and sulfite compounds. It produces a very dark brown color and is used in various products, including:

  • Soft drinks: Commonly found in cola drinks, dark sodas, and energy drinks for their characteristic dark brown color.
  • Alcoholic beverages: Used in dark beers, rum, whiskey, and other liquors.
  • Confectionery: Added to candies, chocolates, and other sweets for a rich, dark color.
  • Baked goods: Found in breads, cakes, and pastries to give a brown tint.
  • Sauces and condiments: Used in soy sauce, gravies, and barbecue sauces to enhance their color.

Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (E150d) is one of the most commonly used caramel colorants, especially in dark-colored beverages due to its stability and strong coloring properties.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (E150d) has been the subject of some health concerns, mainly due to the byproducts formed during its production, particularly 4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI):

  • 4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI): One of the byproducts of the production process, 4-MEI, has been identified as a potential carcinogen in animal studies. In response, some regions, such as California, have placed restrictions on the allowable levels of 4-MEI in food products, particularly in soft drinks like cola.
  • Sulfite sensitivity: Individuals with sulfite sensitivities or allergies may experience adverse reactions, including asthma, headaches, and skin rashes, when consuming products containing E150d.
  • Regulatory status: Despite these concerns, Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (E150d) is approved for use by regulatory agencies such as the European Union and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which have established safe limits for its use in food and beverage products.

While generally regarded as safe when consumed within regulated limits, the concerns around 4-MEI have led some consumers and health groups to recommend minimizing intake.