Sodium Benzoate (E211)
| Type of additive | Acidity Regulators, Preservatives |
| E Number | E211 |
| Chemical Formula | C7H5NaO2 |
| Also Known As | E211 Benzoate of Soda |
Purpose and Function
Sodium benzoate is a widely used food additive, primarily serving as a preservative. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and is highly effective in preventing the growth of fungi, bacteria, and yeast. This additive is particularly efficient in acidic environments, making it ideal for use in carbonated beverages, fruit juices, pickles, and other acidic foods.
Preservative: Sodium benzoate extends the shelf life of food products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, such as mold and bacteria. It is commonly found in soft drinks, salad dressings, and condiments.
Acidity Regulator: In addition to its preservative properties, sodium benzoate also helps regulate acidity in various foods, enhancing flavor and stabilizing the product’s pH level.
Other Uses: Beyond its role in food, sodium benzoate is used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products, such as mouthwash and toothpaste, where it also acts as a preservative.
Potential Risks and Side Effects
Sodium benzoate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA when used within recommended limits. However, some studies and concerns have emerged regarding its potential health risks:
- Formation of Benzene: One of the most significant concerns is the potential formation of benzene, a known carcinogen, when sodium benzoate is combined with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in beverages. The formation of benzene occurs under certain conditions, such as exposure to heat and light. Although regulatory agencies monitor benzene levels in beverages, this has raised concerns about the safety of sodium benzoate.
- Hyperactivity: Some research has suggested a link between sodium benzoate and increased hyperactivity in children, particularly when combined with artificial colorants. This has led to debates about its use in children’s food and beverages.
- Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to sodium benzoate, leading to symptoms such as skin rashes, itching, and swelling.
- Potential for Oxidative Stress: A study published in Food and Chemical Toxicology indicated that high doses of sodium benzoate could lead to oxidative stress in cells, which is a potential pathway to various chronic diseases. However, this is typically only a concern at exposure levels far above what would be encountered through normal dietary intake.