Orthophenyl Phenol (E231)

Purpose and Function

Orthophenyl Phenol (E231) is used as a preservative, primarily for its antifungal properties. It is not added directly to food but is applied to the surface of certain fruits to prevent mold growth and spoilage during storage and transportation. Common applications include:

• Citrus fruits: Used to treat the peels of oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits to prevent fungal growth and extend shelf life.
• Food packaging: Occasionally used in packaging materials to inhibit microbial growth on the surface of foods.

The preservative action of Orthophenyl Phenol (E231) is effective at controlling mold and fungal growth on the surfaces of treated produce, but it is generally used only on the outer layers of fruits.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Orthophenyl Phenol (E231) presents certain risks and safety considerations:

• Toxicity concerns: E231 can be toxic if ingested in large quantities. It is intended for use only on the peel of fruits, and consumers are advised to wash or peel treated fruits thoroughly before consumption.
• Skin and eye irritation: Handling fruits treated with Orthophenyl Phenol may cause skin or eye irritation in sensitive individuals.
• Regulatory restrictions: The use of E231 is subject to strict regulations, and in some countries, its application is limited or banned due to safety concerns. When permitted, it is usually restricted to treating the outer surfaces of citrus fruits where the peel is not meant to be consumed.

Given the potential health risks, Orthophenyl Phenol (E231) is used cautiously, mainly as a surface treatment for specific types of produce.