Carbon Dioxide (E290)

Purpose and Function

Carbon Dioxide (E290) is widely used in the food and beverage industry as a propellant, packaging gas, and acidity regulator. Its primary applications include:

• Carbonated beverages: Used to add fizz to drinks such as soda, sparkling water, and beer by dissolving CO2 in the liquid under pressure.
• Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP): Employed in food packaging to extend shelf life by replacing oxygen in the packaging, thus preventing the growth of aerobic bacteria and mold.
• Frozen foods: Used in dry ice form (solid CO2) for freezing and cooling during transportation of perishable goods.
• Baking industry: CO2 is released as a byproduct when baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is used in recipes, helping dough rise.

Carbon Dioxide (E290) is naturally occurring and plays a crucial role in various food and beverage applications, particularly in creating carbonation.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Carbon Dioxide (E290) is generally recognized as safe and poses minimal risks when used as intended. However, there are a few considerations:

• Overconsumption of carbonated drinks: Excessive consumption of carbonated beverages can lead to bloating, gas, and acid reflux in some individuals.
• Handling dry ice: Solid CO2 (dry ice) must be handled carefully, as it can cause frostbite on skin contact or suffocation in poorly ventilated areas due to CO2 gas release.
• Regulatory approval: Carbon Dioxide (E290) is approved for use in food and beverages in many countries, including the European Union and the United States, where it is considered safe for consumption and food processing.

Overall, Carbon Dioxide (E290) is regarded as a safe and essential additive in the food and beverage industry.