Biphenyl (E230)

Purpose and Function

Biphenyl (E230) is a synthetic preservative used to protect the surface of certain fruits from fungal growth and spoilage during storage and transportation. It is not directly added to food but is applied to the outer surface of fruits, particularly citrus fruits. Common uses include:

• Citrus fruits: Used to treat the peel of oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits to prevent mold growth during storage and shipment.
• Food packaging: Sometimes used in food packaging materials to inhibit microbial growth.
• Biphenyl (E230) is effective at controlling fungal growth on the surface of fruits but is primarily used as a post-harvest treatment.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Biphenyl (E230) has raised some safety concerns due to potential health risks associated with its use:

• Toxicity concerns: It can be toxic if ingested in significant amounts. It is not intended for consumption, and consumers are advised to peel treated fruits and avoid consuming the peel.
• Skin irritation: Handling fruits treated with E230 may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals.
• Regulatory restrictions: Due to potential health risks, the use of Biphenyl (E230) is strictly regulated. In some countries, its use as a food preservative is banned or limited to specific applications where it does not come into direct contact with the edible portion of the food.

Given these risks, Biphenyl (E230) is not commonly used in food preservation outside of certain specific applications, such as treating the surface of citrus fruits.