Disodium Guanylate (E627)

Type of additiveFlavor Enhancers
E NumberE627
Chemical FormulaC10H12N5Na2O8P
Also Known AsSodium 5′-guanylate

Purpose and Function

Disodium guanylate is a food additive primarily used as a flavor enhancer. It is the disodium salt of guanylic acid, a nucleotide that is naturally present in many foods, particularly in mushrooms and some meats. Disodium guanylate works synergistically with other flavor enhancers, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), to intensify and amplify savory flavors, often referred to as umami. Its primary uses include:

Synergistic Use with MSG: When used in combination with monosodium glutamate (MSG) or disodium inosinate (another nucleotide flavor enhancer), disodium guanylate enhances the umami flavor more effectively than when used alone. This combination is particularly popular in seasoning mixes and savory snacks.

Flavor Enhancement: Disodium guanylate is added to foods to boost their savory taste, making them more palatable and flavorful. It is commonly found in a wide range of processed foods, such as soups, snack foods, instant noodles, and canned vegetables.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Disodium guanylate is generally recognized as safe by regulatory agencies, including the FDA and EFSA. However, there are some potential risks and considerations associated with its consumption:

  • Sensitivity to Purines: Disodium guanylate is derived from purines, which are compounds that can increase uric acid levels in the body. Individuals with gout, kidney issues, or other conditions related to high uric acid levels may need to limit their intake of foods containing disodium guanylate, as it could exacerbate their condition.
  • MSG Sensitivity: Since disodium guanylate is often used in combination with MSG, individuals who are sensitive to MSG (sometimes experiencing symptoms like headaches, nausea, or chest pain) may also react to foods containing disodium guanylate. However, it’s important to note that sensitivity to MSG and related additives is rare and not supported by conclusive scientific evidence.
  • Dietary Restrictions: Disodium guanylate is typically derived from plant sources but can also be produced from animal products. For individuals following strict vegetarian, vegan, kosher, or halal diets, it’s important to check the source of this additive.