Propylene Glycol (E490)

Type of additive
(Glossary)		Emulsifiers
Humectants
E NumberE490
Chemical FormulaC3H8O2
Also Known AsPropane-1,2-Diol
Methylethylene glycol

Purpose and Function

Propane-1,2-diol is widely used in food applications for its functional properties:

  • Humectant: It retains moisture in food products, preventing drying and extending shelf life.
  • Solvent: Propylene glycol acts as a solvent for flavors and colors, improving the uniform distribution of ingredients in food formulations.
  • Emulsifier: It may also function as an emulsifier, helping to stabilize mixtures of oil and water in food products.
  • Preservative Qualities: By retaining moisture and stabilizing emulsions, propane-1,2-diol helps prevent spoilage.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Propylene Glycol is generally regarded as safe for consumption in regulated amounts. However, some concerns include:

  • Gastrointestinal Issues: High concentrations may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, including bloating or gas, particularly for sensitive individuals.
  • Allergic Reactions: Rarely, individuals may experience allergic reactions to propane-1,2-diol, particularly those sensitive to propylene glycol.
  • Contaminants: Sourcing from reputable suppliers is essential to minimize the risk of contaminants in food formulations.