Ammonium Ferric Citrate (E381)

Purpose and Function

Ammonium Ferric Citrate (E381) is used in the food industry primarily as a fortifying agent and colorant. It provides a source of iron, which is an essential nutrient, and can also contribute color to certain food products. Common applications include:

• Fortified foods: Added to various food products to enhance iron content, helping to prevent iron deficiency.
• Beverages: Sometimes used in nutritional drinks and supplements to provide additional iron.
• Confectionery: Can be used to enhance color and nutritional value in candies and sweets.
• Processed foods: Used in sauces, dressings, and other processed items where color and nutritional fortification are desired.

Ammonium Ferric Citrate (E381) is derived from citric acid and is valued for its role in improving iron intake while also enhancing the visual appeal of food products.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Ammonium Ferric Citrate (E381) is generally considered safe for consumption when used within regulated limits. Some considerations include:

• Iron overload: Excessive iron intake can lead to health issues such as hemochromatosis or iron overload, especially in individuals with certain genetic predispositions or conditions.
• Digestive effects: In high amounts, it may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as constipation or nausea, though this is uncommon at typical usage levels.
• Regulatory approval: Ammonium Ferric Citrate (E381) is approved for use in many countries, including the European Union, where it is considered safe for food use. Most notably used in the Scottish beverage Irn-Bru

Overall, Ammonium Ferric Citrate (E381) is regarded as a safe food additive that provides both functional and nutritional benefits.