Zeaxanthin (E161h)

Purpose and Function

Zeaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid, a type of pigment that provides yellow to orange coloration in fruits and vegetables, such as corn, peppers, and saffron. As a food additive, it is primarily used as:

• Colorant: Zeaxanthin is used to impart or enhance the yellow to orange hues in food products.
• Fortifying agent: It is also used in some dietary supplements and food products to support eye health due to its antioxidant properties.

In addition to its role in the food industry, zeaxanthin plays an essential biological function. It is a key component in the human retina, where it protects the eyes from harmful light waves, especially blue light, and helps to prevent oxidative damage. This is why it’s often found in supplements targeting macular health.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Zeaxanthin is generally regarded as safe and has not been associated with significant health risks. However, some considerations include:

• Overconsumption: Although zeaxanthin from natural sources is beneficial, excessive intake of supplements may lead to a condition known as carotenodermia, where the skin turns yellow-orange due to high levels of carotenoids. This is harmless and reversible by reducing intake.
• Rare allergies: In very rare cases, individuals may experience mild allergic reactions to carotenoid-based supplements.
• Limited research on high doses: While natural dietary consumption of this additive is safe, there is limited research on the long-term effects of high-dose supplementation. It’s recommended to stick to recommended daily allowances when consuming zeaxanthin supplements.

There are no significant safety concerns when consuming zeaxanthin in food products, and it is considered beneficial for its antioxidant properties, particularly for eye health.