Saffron (E164)

Type of additive
(Glossary)		Colorants
E NumberE164

Purpose and Function

Saffron (E164) is a natural yellow-orange colorant derived from the dried stigmas of the Crocus sativus flower. It is one of the most expensive spices in the world due to the labor-intensive process of harvesting. In the food industry, saffron is used both as a colorant and as a flavoring agent. Its applications include:

  • Beverages: Used in herbal teas, liqueurs, and some health drinks for a yellow-orange color.
  • Confectionery: Found in candies, sweets, and desserts to impart a warm yellow hue and delicate flavor.
  • Dairy products: Added to yogurts, ice creams, and flavored milk for a rich yellow tint.
  • Culinary dishes: Widely used in savory dishes such as rice, soups, and sauces, particularly in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisine, for both its color and flavor.
  • Bakery products: Applied in cakes, pastries, and breads for both color and flavor.

Due to its intense pigmentation, only small amounts of saffron are needed to impart color to foods, making it a highly efficient natural dye.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Saffron (E164) is generally regarded as safe and has been used in traditional cooking and medicine for centuries. However, a few considerations include:

  • Allergic reactions: Although rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to saffron, especially those with sensitivities to other plants in the Iridaceae family. Symptoms may include skin rashes, itching, or respiratory issues.
  • Cost and availability: Saffron is extremely expensive due to its labor-intensive production process. This limits its widespread use in commercial food production, and it is often replaced with less expensive colorants in mass-market products.
  • Health benefits: Saffron has long been associated with medicinal benefits, including mood enhancement, digestive health, and antioxidant properties. It is considered beneficial in traditional remedies, though its usage as a health supplement should be monitored due to its potency in high doses.

Overall, saffron is a safe and natural colorant when used in moderate amounts, with minimal risks.