Rubixanthin (E161d)

Purpose and Function

Rubixanthin (E161d) is a naturally occurring yellow-orange pigment from the xanthophyll group of carotenoids. It is found in various fruits such as rose hips, as well as in some yellow and orange vegetables. In the food industry, it is used as a natural colorant to provide yellow to orange hues to food products. Common applications include:

• Beverages: Added to fruit juices, smoothies, and soft drinks for a natural yellow-orange color.
• Confectionery: Used in candies, jellies, and other sweets to provide vibrant color.
• Dairy products: Added to butter, margarine, and cheese to enhance color.
• Processed foods: Used in sauces, soups, and snacks to give a natural orange hue.

Like other carotenoids, Rubixanthin (E161d) is valued for its natural origin and ability to provide color to a variety of food products without the use of synthetic dyes.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Rubixanthin (E161d) is generally considered safe for consumption and is naturally present in many fruits and vegetables. However, there are a few considerations:

• Excessive intake: As with other carotenoids, consuming large amounts of rubixanthin may lead to carotenodermia, a harmless condition where the skin turns yellow-orange. This effect is temporary and resolves once intake is reduced.
• No known allergies: Rubixanthin is naturally found in common fruits and vegetables and is well tolerated by most individuals. There are no significant reports of allergic reactions linked to this pigment.
• Health benefits: As a carotenoid, rubixanthin has antioxidant properties and may contribute to overall health, including supporting vision and skin health, though it is not as significant a provitamin A source as some other carotenoids (e.g., beta-carotene).