Citranaxanthin (E161i)

Type of additive
(Glossary)		Colorants
E NumberE161i
Chemical FormulaC40H52O2
Also Known AsCantaxanthin
Cantaxanthine
Canthaxanthine
Lucantin red (BASF)
Lucantin Red CWD (BASF)
Carophyll Red (DSM)
Roxanthin Red 10
L-Orange 7g
C.I. Food Orange 8

Purpose and Function

Citranaxanthin (E161i) is a naturally occurring orange pigment from the xanthophyll group of carotenoids. It is used primarily in the food industry as a colorant to provide a yellow to orange hue. In particular, citranaxanthin is used to color:

  • Poultry feed: Widely used to enhance the yellow-orange color of egg yolks and the skin of poultry. It is added to the feed to achieve a richer and more appealing color.
  • Dairy products: Sometimes used in cheese and butter to provide a natural yellow-orange color.
  • Confectionery: Found in candies, jellies, and other sweets for color enhancement.
  • Processed foods: Used in soups, sauces, and ready-to-eat meals to enhance their visual appeal.

Citranaxanthin is valued in the food industry for its ability to impart color naturally and is commonly used in animal feed to enhance the appearance of eggs and poultry products.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

E161i is generally considered safe for consumption when used in regulated amounts. However, as with other carotenoids, some potential risks include:

  • Carotenodermia: Excessive intake of citranaxanthin, especially through supplements, can result in carotenodermia, a harmless condition where the skin turns yellow-orange. This condition is temporary and subsides when intake is reduced.
  • No known allergic reactions: Citranaxanthin is naturally occurring in food and is well tolerated by most individuals. There are no significant reports of allergic reactions.
  • Regulatory status: Citranaxanthin is approved for use in food products and animal feed by regulatory agencies like the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with limits set to ensure safety.

Overall, citranaxanthin is considered safe when used as a food colorant within established regulatory guidelines.