Calcium Benzoate (E213)

Purpose and Function

Calcium Benzoate (E213) is the calcium salt of benzoic acid, used as a preservative in the food industry to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria. It is especially effective in acidic environments, which makes it suitable for certain types of food products. Common applications include:

• Beverages: Used in fruit juices, soft drinks, and other acidic beverages to prevent spoilage.
• Condiments and sauces: Added to products like salad dressings, ketchup, and vinegar-based sauces to extend shelf life.
• Pickled and preserved foods: Helps to inhibit microbial growth in pickles, olives, and other preserved vegetables.
• Baked goods: Occasionally used in pastries and cakes to prevent mold growth.
• Dairy products: Found in some acidic dairy items such as cheese spreads.

Calcium Benzoate is an alternative to sodium benzoate (E211) and potassium benzoate (E212), often used when a lower sodium content or specific calcium supplementation is desired.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Calcium Benzoate (E213) is generally recognized as safe when used within regulatory limits, but some potential concerns should be considered:

• Allergic reactions: Some individuals may experience mild allergic reactions, such as skin irritation, hives, or asthma symptoms when exposed to calcium benzoate.
• Hyperactivity in children: Similar to other benzoates, calcium benzoate has been associated with increased hyperactivity in children, particularly when combined with certain artificial colorants.
• Formation of benzene: When used in products that also contain ascorbic acid (vitamin C), there is a potential risk for the formation of benzene, a known carcinogen, especially under certain conditions like heat and light. Regulatory bodies have set limits to ensure safety.
• High intake concerns: Though considered safe in small amounts, frequent consumption of products with calcium benzoate may contribute to a higher intake of preservatives, which some individuals prefer to minimize.

Regulatory agencies, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have approved E213 for use in food products with specific usage limits to ensure safety.