Brown HT (E155)

Type of additive
(Glossary)		Colorants
E NumberE155
Chemical Formula
C27H18N4Na2O9S2
Also Known AsChocolate Brown HT
C.I. 20285
Food Brown 3

Purpose and Function

Brown HT (E155) is a synthetic brown azo dye used in the food industry to provide a brown hue to various products. It is commonly used in:

  • Confectionery: Candies, chocolates, and other sweets.
  • Bakery products: Cakes, biscuits, pastries, and decorations often use this additive to achieve a chocolate-brown color.
  • Desserts: Found in ice creams, puddings, and other processed desserts to enhance their visual appeal.
  • Beverages: Added to some soft drinks, flavored waters, and alcoholic drinks for color enhancement.

Brown HT is valued for its ability to create a stable brown color in processed foods and is often used in combination with other dyes to achieve different shades of brown.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Brown HT (E155) has been associated with several potential health risks, leading to its restriction or ban in certain countries:

  • Allergic reactions: As with other synthetic azo dyes, Brown HT can cause allergic reactions, particularly in individuals who are sensitive to azo compounds or those with asthma. Symptoms may include hives, itching, and respiratory issues.
  • Hyperactivity in children: Concerns have been raised about the possible link between artificial food dyes, including Brown HT, and hyperactivity in children. Although evidence is inconclusive, some studies suggest that synthetic dyes may exacerbate behavioral issues.
  • Regulatory restrictions: Brown HT (E155) is banned in the United States, Norway, and several other countries due to health concerns. However, it is still permitted in the European Union, Australia, and some other regions, where its use is regulated to ensure safety.

Despite these concerns, E155 is considered safe for consumption within regulated limits in countries where it remains legal, though it has been replaced by more natural colorants in some cases.