Orcein (E182)

Type of additive
(Glossary)		Acidulants, Acidity Regulators, Anti-caking Agents, Anti-foaming Agents, Antioxidants, Bulking Agents, Buffering Agents, Colorants, Emulsifiers, Enzymes, Flavor Enhancers, Flavoring Agents, Fortifying Agents, Gelling Agents, Glazing Agents, Humectants, Leavening Agents, Oxidizing Agents, Preservatives, Propellants, Sequestrants, Stabilizers, Sweeteners, Thickeners
E NumberE121
Chemical Formula
Also Known AsArchil
Orchil
Lacmus 
C.I. Natural Red 28

Purpose and Function

Orcein is a natural dye derived from lichens, commonly used as a colorant in histological staining but historically also used in food coloring. As a food additive, it was once utilized to impart a reddish-brown hue to certain foods, though its usage in food has been largely discontinued due to safety concerns.

In non-food applications, orcein plays a critical role in:

  • Biological staining: Orcein is widely used in laboratories for staining chromosomes and elastic fibers during microscopic examinations.
  • Textile dye: It has been historically used to dye fabrics.

While this additive is no longer widely accepted in food production, it is still valued in scientific research for its staining properties.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Orcein has been under scrutiny due to concerns over its safety in food applications, and its use as a food additive is banned in several countries. Key concerns include:

  • Toxicity concerns: Studies have raised concerns about potential toxicity when consumed. This has led to it being largely phased out as a food colorant.
  • Banned in many regions: Regulatory bodies, including the European Union and the United States, have banned the use of orcein in food due to its association with adverse effects and a lack of comprehensive safety data.
  • Possible allergic reactions: Though rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions, especially in non-food applications, such as skin exposure from textiles or cosmetics.

Given these concerns, orcein is no longer considered safe for use in food, and its application is now restricted to non-food industries.